Midstate Medical Moment: How to Help Someone Having a Seizure

Natasha Qutab, MD, epileptologist, UPMC Neurological Institute 

 

An estimated 3.4 million people in the United States live with epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder in which abnormal electrical activity in the brain leads to recurrent seizures. Recognizing what a seizure looks like — and what to do in the moment — is essential, because many seizures are subtle and do not resemble the dramatic portrayals often seen in movies or television. 

 

What can I do if I see someone having a seizure?
The most important step is to keep the person safe. Gently guide them to the ground and turn them onto their side to maintain an open airway and reduce the risk of choking. Remove any nearby objects they could injure themselves on. 
Do not put anything in their mouth and do not try to restrain their movements. 
If you are able, time the seizure. Most seizures stop within one to two minutes. If a seizure lasts longer than three to five minutes, or if the person has repeated seizures without recovery in between, call 9-1-1 immediately, as this can be a medical emergency. 
Once the seizure has stopped, stay with the person until they are fully alert. Reassure them and explain what happened so they can share accurate information with their healthcare provider. 

What causes someone to have seizures?
Causes vary based on age. In children, seizures most commonly stem from genetic epilepsies, developmental conditions, or fever-related events. In adults, seizures can result from strokes, brain bleeds, trauma, infections, autoimmune disorders, metabolic disturbances, or withdrawal from alcohol or certain medications. 
Sometimes a seizure occurs without an obvious trigger. If a person experiences an unprovoked seizure — meaning no immediate cause is found — it may indicate a tendency toward recurrent seizures. A neurologist evaluates the risk of recurrence using brain imaging, EEG studies, and clinical history to determine whether the person meets criteria for epilepsy. 

 

Q: What are some common misconceptions about epilepsy?
• Not all seizures look the same. Some involve full-body shaking, but others may be very subtle — such as staring spells, brief confusion, or repeated automatic movements. 
• Epilepsy is not caused by possession or psychological weakness. These misconceptions were common before the modern understanding of brain function. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder with identifiable electrical and structural causes. 
• People with epilepsy can live full, productive lives. With proper evaluation and treatment — including medications, diet therapies, surgical options, or devices — most individuals achieve excellent seizure control and maintain active, independent lifestyles. 

Through the Midstate Medical Moment, UPMC wants to raise awareness about the health conditions affecting people living in the communities we serve. For more information about UPMC services in Central Pennsylvania, visit UPMC.com/centralpa.  

Upcoming Events

Stay updated on the latest events happening in Hanover.

November 29, 2025
Outdoor

Christmas in Hanover Festival

Get ready for a season of holiday cheer with Christmas in Hanover! Our festive lineup includes exciting events and activities that will bring the community together to celebrate the holidays.
December 13, 2025
Outdoor

Hot Chocolate and Cookie Stroll

Join us for the Hot Chocolate and Cookie Stroll on December 13, 2025! Stroll through our charming downtown, visit local businesses, and enjoy samples of delicious cookies and hot chocolate along the way. While you explore, enjoy festive entertainment including carolers spreading holiday cheer and a visit to Santa’s Cabin in the Square.
January 10, 2026
Outdoor

Health & Wellness Day

Discover the many ways to nurture your well-being during our Health and Wellness 2nd Saturday in Downtown Hanover! Explore the downtown area and visit a variety of businesses that offer a range of health and wellness opportunities. From mental health services to physical fitness, you’ll find spas, retail therapy, fitness classes, and more. It’s the perfect day to focus on self-care while supporting local businesses!
February 14, 2026
Outdoor

Valen-Tour Downtown

Celebrate love where it lives best—right here in downtown Hanover! Our February 2nd Saturday theme, Valen-Tour Downtown, is all about creating memorable moments with the ones who matter most. Whether you’re planning a romantic date night, a cozy lunch, or a sweet surprise, downtown Hanover is filled with ways to show your loved one just how much you care.
March 14, 2026
Outdoor

Downtown Four-Leaf Clover Scavenger Hunt

Join the Downtown Four-Leaf Clover Scavenger Hunt and explore local businesses while searching for hidden four-leaf clovers! Visit participating shops, locate their hidden clovers, and collect stamps along the way. Once you’ve collected all the clover stamps, submit your card to Main Street to be entered in a FREE drawing to win an Explore Downtown basket with goodies from our downtown businesses as a reward for your lucky hunt. It’s a fun and festive way to discover downtown and enjoy a bit of Irish charm!

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Discover the Vibrant Culture and Community

Attending events in Hanover allows you to immerse yourself in the rich cultural heritage and vibrant social scene of the town. From lively festivals to art exhibitions and live performances, there's always something exciting happening in Hanover.

A group of friends enjoying some taste testing at Snack Town Brew Fest

Frequently Asked Questions

Find answers to common questions about dietary options, reservation policies, and hours of operation.

What are the top attractions to visit in Hanover?

Visitors often inquire about the Hanover Historic District, which is known for its over 2600 mid-19th to mid-20th-century buildings.

Are there guided tours available in Hanover?

In Hanover, Pennsylvania, history enthusiasts can enjoy a journey through time with visits to the Hanover Area Historical Society Museum, which showcases the town’s rich past; the Warehime-Myers Mansion, a beautifully preserved example of early 20th-century architecture; and the Neas House, one of the oldest surviving structures in Hanover, offering a glimpse into the life of the 18th-century Pennsylvania German settlers. These historical landmarks provide a captivating window into Hanover’s heritage and are a must-visit for those looking to experience the town’s historical charm.

Can visitors engage in any unique local activities?

In addition to Codorus State Park and Hickory Falls, Hanover is also known for the Snack Town Street Fair, a vibrant festival celebrating the town’s snack food heritage with craft vendors, food, and entertainment, created in partnership between the Hanover Area Chamber of Commerce and Utz Brands

What historical experiences can one have in Hanover?

Hanover provides a rich historical experience with tours like the Civil War Ghosts of Gettysburg Tour and the Spirits of Jennie Wade Ghost Night Tour in nearby Gettysburg.

What is Hanover known for?

Hanover, Pennsylvania, is renowned as the Snack Food Capital of the World, home to iconic brands like Utz Quality Foods and Snyder’s of Hanover, which are part of the Campbell Snacks portfolio.                              

Where can I grab a drink?

Dolphin & Anchor Pub: Located in the heart of Hanover, they offer traditional beer styles with a twist.

Fat Bat Brewing Company: A local brewery started by a beer-loving brother and sister team, known for their craft beer selections.

Sign of the Horse Brewery: A contemporary brewery catering to craft brew enthusiasts with a range of house taps.

Lydian Stone Brewing Company: A nano brewery offering a variety of craft beers, from the light or malty to the hoppy or stouts; and, plenty of conversation.

Where can I get a map of Hanover?

The Borough office at 33 Frederick St, Hanover has everything you will need to find your way around Hanover.